In The Crucible childrens lies lead to allegations of witchcraft and the breaking up of a community Essay Example for Free

In The Crucible childrens lies lead to allegations of witchcraft and the breaking up of a community EssayIn The Crucible childrens lies lead to allegations of witchcraft and the breaking up of a community. Why do mass lie and what place the consequences be?The word lie office a false statement deliberately presented as being true according to the American Heritage Dictionary, and its a very common habit in everyone. When it comes to lying, we can find white and normal lies. White lies are often harmless, whereas normal lies can be dangerous because of the various consequences they might have. In this hear Im going to present two arguments explaining the reasons why lies are used, which are to protect their nature or take a crap themselves out of a compromising situation, and to have a need in order to commit an act of vengeance or violence. Then, I will give four examples regarding the book The crucible and modern mean solar day events, which I will then compare.One of t he main reasons why plenty make use of lies is because when they are accused of something that can get them into trouble, the best plectrum at that moment bring downms to be denying their acts. However, lying can have severe consequences depending on how much you twist the truth when doing it, and even if it doesnt make much sense, people are actually aware of what can happen later scarce since they feel theres no opposite choice, they lie any styluss. A clear example of this can be found in The crucible by Arthur Miller, where a group of girls are caught performing witchcraft, and some dancing naked around a fire. In the time of the book, dancing was strictly forbidden and witchcraft was a matter nobody dared to discuss. Therefore, anyone being related to any of these would be punished.The group of girls had a attraction who was Reverend Parris niece, Abigail, and whose cousin, also in the group, was Betty, Parris daughter. They were performing witchcraft in order to get men to fall in love with them, only when Abigail threatened the other girls making them lie about their actions so that she wasnt punished. Even though they could have disobeyed her, telling the truth would have also jeopardized them given that they had as well taken part in the event. This big lie led to several false allegations once against many innocent people whose families were torn apart because of the whole scandal, and also sunk important peoples reputations in the society.An example of modern day would be the Lewinsky scandal which first broke on January 17, 1998, basically involving the then current president throwaway Clinton and one of the White houses employees, Monica Lewinsky. It started as rumors in websites, but people keep in linemed to be very interested since they regarded the nations leader. Clinton denied everything a million times as we can see in the following statement I want to say one thing to the American people. I want you to listen to me. Im going to say this again I did not have sexual dealing with that woman, Miss Lewinsky. I never told anybody to lie, not a single time never. These allegations are falseHowever, afterward further investigations, evidence such as recorded tapes and a dress of Lewinskys stained with his semen were taken into consideration and it was concluded that President Clinton had indeed, had sexual relations with her. Overwhelmed by accusations and strong proof, Clinton finally admitted on August 17, 1998, to have had an inappropriate physical relationship with Monica Lewinsky. Even though Clintons wife forgave him, many people had a new opinion of their president and lost some respect for him.These two examples show us how far a person would go to protect their reputation or get out of a problem, being totally selfish given that many times lies like these can benefit you while pain in the ass others. We can see this because Abigail didnt care who was punished for something they didnt do as long as she was safe, and President Clinton was maybe trying to protect his family from breaking up but in my opinion, he was just trying to protect his reputation as an important entity.Another reason why people lie is because they sometimes get hold of a motive to hurt someone else, being this for revenge or just pure envy. We often see people committing murders and harming others in any way possible because they seek revenge and/or envy them. Some are so intense about their feelings that they are indifferent to the consequences their acts might lead to and would preferably go to jail or even die as long as they have satisfied their sick desires. On the other hand, we have people who do care about what may happen to them when performing inappropriate actions, reason for which they look for any motive possible. However, sometimes there isnt a motive at all, so they have to create one and they lie by starting rumors and giving false statements in order to accomplish what they want.We can see this in The Crucible when Abigail lies about performing witchcraft and makes other people take the blame. When in court, she gave Mary Warren a poppet with a chivvy in her stomach, and told her to give it to Elizabeth Proctor in order to frame her so that she would be blamed of witchcraft and that way, Abigail could take her place as John Proctors wife.A modern day example is the Big lie Bush invented against Iraq. He claimed Sadam Hussein had in his power weapons of mass destruction and would use them on America. However, this was not true and it was proved after thorough investigations. Bush made these accusations because he wanted to attack Iraq but he didnt have any good reason, so saying they were going against the USA made it almost mandatory to attack them back.These examples show us that when a person wants something, lies can sometimes help get it, like Abigail who tried to make a false accusation against Proctors wife, whose place she wanted to take. The same happened wi th Bush, who wanted so bad to take revenge on Iraq, he invented a lie about Hussein. This clearly reveals a certain selfishness from both since they have no interest at all about anyone but themselves.In conclusion, we can say lies are all around us at all times and sometimes we need them but it is not full to use them. In the previous examples, this affirmation is confirmed, showing us the consequences lying can lead to.

The War Room Essay Example for Free

The fight Room EssayThe documentary by D.A.Pennebaker and C.Hedgus investigates two sides of the medal associated with the presidential campaign of Bill Clinton. It gives an overview of pipe lay and backstreet intrigues performed by the representatives of Bill Clintons campaign. The chief person of the backstage side is James Carville. He is imposing and respectable manager of the campaign who stresses his logical aptitude to solve problems and emotional potential to override his followers. His persuasive way of speaking and charismatic personality outshines pale character of his partner George Stephanopoulos with whom they are responsible for the achiever of Bill Clintons political campaign of 1992. George Stephanopoulos is intelligent, dignified, mature person, who, however, lacks emotionality and public energy necessary to make electorate fall in love with him. Although perceived as inexperienced and excessively quiet person, George Stephanopoulos gives an impression of st ability due to his belief that Bill Clinton will change the economic and political situation in the artless for better. James Carville has enormous magnetism and wins over millions of people throughout the USA not only because of his inexhaustible intellect, but also because of his ability to logically canvass his case. His speeches are characterized with pure genuineness and desire to explain difficult things and find common language with his listeners.The moving picture describes the efforts and decision-making of the two men with respect to Bill Clinton and his fracture from unpopular stranger to the American President. Improving the prestige of the future president among population, James Carville and George Stephanopoulos deal with numerous accusations of draft-dodging and adultery. To protect the authority of their leader, through the movie they indite professional and effective ads based on moral values and stereotypes of the American culture. During brief breaks they so metimes get a chance to have a sting as well as take a short nap at night.Actually, a big part of the movie grabs audiences caution by depicting the professional activity of James Carville while he tries to smooth the situation with Gennifer Flowers, works on TV commercial, and carries on dialogs with the Republicans. Showing Carvilles girlfriend Mary Matalin who works as a strategist during Bushs campaign, the director of the movie arouses interest among the audience.Pennebaker and Hedgus succeeded in their attempt to portray politicians as ordinary people who eat, drink, sleep, and hesitate discussing everyday problems common to people all over the world. Unlike news summary, the directors did not add voice to movie braggy audience a chance to critically analyze what they see and independently form their own opinions.Contrary to general point of view regarding the cynicism and dishonesty of politicians the movie gives an insight into the whole process of political campaign inter twined with morality, warmth, and belief in future.Regardless of the fact whether the audience sticks to the Democrats, Republicans, or finds itself somewhere in between, the movie The War Room grabs attention of people highlighting human aspects of politics breaking down stereotypes about total mud and pessimism inside political circles. The directors have forceful the role of people and their attitudes rather than the consequences of their actions, selfish ends, or lucrative impulses.Works CitedThe War Room. Dir. D.A.Pennebaker C.Hedgus. Universal, 1992.

Social Worker Self Reflection Paper Social Work Essay

br some otherly Worker Self Reflection Paper Social Work EssayAs a qualified social role player, we deprivation to hold the belief that people stack change, especially when we work with the clients who drop attached to some kinds of deviant behaviors. As a student who has received professional social work training for more(prenominal) than four years, I think nearly of the clients have the ability to alter to a better condition for themselves. However, I am not sure when it comes to pathological gamblers. Effected by my past experience, it is trying for me to trust a person who addicts to caper. How I will react if there is one day I have to face to a client who is a pathological gambler? I am quite uncertain about that.Who is pathological gambler?The DSM-III (the third edition of the codebook of mental disorders) includes PG for the runner time as an impulsive disorder (lvarez-Moya Jimnez-Murcia Neus Aymam Gmez-Pea, 2010).The original definition if pathological gambling s tated the person is chronically and progressively unable to resist impulses to gamble (as cited by Ciarrocchi from Ameri arouse Psychiatric Association, 1980). According to this definition, pathological gambler (PG) refers to the people who has involved in gambling for a long time. Besides, their gambling behavior has become more and more severe but they ref practice session to quit gambling. Blaszczynski and Nower (2002) proposed the Pathways model as an etiological framework for understanding PG (as cited by Ledgerwood and Petry, 2010). According to this model, three subtypes of pathological gamblers make up behaviorally conditioned, emotionally vulnerable, and antisocial impulsive.The reasons behind pathological gambling are various. Take behaviorally conditioned one as an example. People engage into gambling because of long consummation expose to gambling games. If most of friends or relatives addict into gambling, it is more likely for that person to participate in the same g ames, because his or her behavior is triggered and then stateed by the surroundings. Besides, grief emotion or suffering great loss may also lead to puzzleatic gambling. Mevery PGs participate in gambling games in order to escape from sad mood or release stress. Moreover, somebody tries to pursue excited feelings by engaged in big wins and chasing fall asleeps games. As a result, PGs tend to lose more than before. We brook often hear that one gambler lost all of his or her money, estates as well as families. Besides, problematic gambling also contributes to other social problem, such as domestic violence, robbery, theft, suicide and so on. Pathological gambling attracts broad management in the recent years.Social worker may en reverberation with PG in homosexualy circumstances, no matter in doing case work, group work or partnership work. For instance, when a battered woman comes for take hold ofking help, we need to elicit the reason behind her husbands abuse behavior. I n some domestic violence cases, the abuser has problem gambling behavior. Solving the problematic behavior then becomes the workers initial task. We may not cope with PG directly since referring to another professional clinical social worker is needed for the clients with severe problems. However, it is inevitable for us to face with such kind of clients.Why PGs?I never doubt whether a person is able to change. I believe a drug abuser can quit drugs if he or she realizes the harm that drugs done to his or her body. I believe a man can stop violence to his family members when he learns to sleep together how to manage his temper after cognitive behavior treatment or any other therapies. I believe a juvenile delinquency can clean up his or her act and begin his or her new life after receiving penalisation by law and guiding by youth social worker. However, it is even hard for me to believe a PG can picture up gambling forever. hostile other types of addicts, there is no substance that stimulates gamblers emotion or feeling. From my point of view, all the problematic gambling behaviors are triggered by instinct, which cannot be changed by outmost power.When I am preparing this term paper, I do self-introspection by myself. Indeed, similar to other social workers who encounter with counter transference, I am affected by my own experience.My aunt plays the lead in my story. My father had a big brother who died from a traffic accident in 1994. He left a large amount of heritage for my aunt as well as his two daughters. My aunt, a middle-aged housewife, lead astrays her gambling life after the death of my uncle. At first, all of my family members including my grandparents thought she participated in gambling games just because she wanted to escape from the sadness. Besides, there is an old saying in Chinese little gambling can be entertainment. The whole family believed she just gambled for fun. As a result, nobody tried to impede her gambling action until one day she came to my home to borrow money from my father. She said she planned to open a grocery shop so that she could afford the life expenses for her as well as my two cousins. We were happy to see she could recover from sorrow and started new life again so my father and other uncles tried their best to support her. The grocery shop opened finally however, it was the beginning of the nightmare. She rarely stayed in her shop and we heard the rumors about her from our relatives. They saw my aunt appear in the most famous local casino and lose numerous of money. When we confirmed with her, she denied. However, finally she lost her shop and was in heavy debt which was estimated about two million. Faced with accusing from family members, she came to my grandparents home, asked for forgive and swore she would never gamble any more. To our disappointed, she violated her vow over and over again. Every time after we know she engages in gambling game again, she will conduct her drama erst by showing us how much determination she has made for quit gambling behavior. To our disappointed, her promise is provide nothing eventually. She still visits casino frequently until now, in spite of that she has really burdened a lot of debts.I know she has ever tried to get rid of gambling behavior, but all the trials are failed in the end. My two cousins, who should have been enjoying their marriage life, have to work harder to pay back the debt for their mother. My grandparent, who should have been enjoying their retired life, is troubled by my aunts gambling behavior and finally my grandpa died with regret. It may unfair for my aunt if I contribute the entire fault to her nonetheless, she is the initiator of the evil.As a consequence, I lost the confidence on the gambler. By witnessing how my aunt indulges into gambling activities time and time again, I do not attach any extravagant hope to problematic gamblers. My aunt tried to make use of every possible means to get money an d found every possible excuse to cover what she has done. I cannot believe one person can be so bad In the first second, she swears she will never gamble again the next second, she shows up on casino. When I called my grandma destruction week, she told me that my aunt participate in gambling again.Being a potential social worker, I may have to face all kinds of clients in the future. If I have to handle with a PG some day, I will out of my wit for sure. Because in my opinion, it is impossible for a PG to stop gambling, I cannot get start my work at all. Referring to another social worker should be a good idea, but I am afraid my stereotype towards PGs will still affect my professional practice unavoidably.In fact, after finished my presentation, I know what my problem is. If one day I show uncertain and guess to my client who is PG, it means counter transference happens on me. The more contemporary view of counter transference is that the professionals reactions, real and unreal, to a client can blow over irrespective of origin and can be based on their own past or present experience or client characteristics (James, 2008).Fortunately, I know how to introspect my feeling though my presentation. By self-reflection, I am aware that I lose the confidence on PGs because of my unsolved problems. I am the youngest one in the whole family. My grandparent and parent are always trying to protect me from the possibilities that may do harm to me. Although they tried their best to present me with a congruity picture of the family, I know more and more things when I grow up. I want to share the burden with my parent but I am too young to do anything. My helplessness makes me feel that I am not eligible to work with problematic gamblers. Actually, I lose the confidence on myself not on the PGs.What to do next?Just as Hepworth et al.(2010) mention in their book introspection and self-assessment, as well as the ability to maintain appropriate boundaries and distance, will assess you to achieve or regain a realistic perspective on your relationships with clients. I cannot wait until one day counter transference really occurs then do I take introspection. Hence, I plan to take the following methods to cope with my problemsTrying to understand the reasons for PGs should be the first step. In fact, before I get start to write this paper, I already changed some of my perception about PGs because of literature review. After reading umpteen dissertations and books, I begin to know the reason behind such behavior are complicated and various. People get addicted into gambling are not just for fun. Some of them want to escape from cruel reality by gambling games. Once engaged into gambling games, they can forget the troubles for a while. apart from that, other gamblers may find gambling can be an effective stress reliever. They can release their anger, their workload, their family burden as well as other emotion that cannot erupt when they are at gambling d esk.Secondly, I have to get start to solve my unsolved problem. I am not a little innocent girl any longer. It is necessary and possible for me to discuss my aunts gambling problem with my family members. Although I am not sure if I can help her or not and there is little clinical social service for PGs in mainland China, I still want to try. At least, I need to solve my own problem first and to make sure it will not have influence on my professional practice in the future. cunning my aunts problems from all of the dimensions may help me to understand more about her. On the other hand, I hope I can share what I have learned from class with my family members so that they will know how to cope with my aunt in a better way.Thirdly, I will pay more attention to the part about how to deal with addicts while in the MSW program. Since I know my irrational emotion is mainly caused by my unhappy experience, I should equip myself to be qualified social worker so that one day I may be able to assess the PG to get rid of problematic gambling. I need to do continuously self assessment before I go into fieldwork. Only by realizing my disadvantage can I know where I should improve.Last but not least, I will discuss with my classmates when I feel uncomfortable with the relative cases. I can learn from other peoples views and may know how to change my stereotype. Furthermore, I may consult supervisor when it is necessary. I believe as a experienced social worker, my supervisor will give me some applicable suggestions and guide me to cope with the problem properly.

Product extension of procter and gamble

Product extension of procter and gambleThe Procter Gamble Company (PG) is one of the homos largest consumer goods companies. It commercializes to a greater extent than 300 discolorations in the beauty, health, fabric, home, baby, family, and personal c atomic number 18 harvest-home categories. The political party operates in the Americas, Europe and Asia. It is headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio, and employs about 135,000 people. corporal OBJECTIVESThe objective of Procter Gamble is that They go out provide branded harvest-times and services of superior quality and apprise that improve the lives of the worlds consumers, now and for generations to come. As a result, consumers will reward us with leadership sales, profit and value creation, eachowing our people, our shareholders and the communities in which we live and work to prosper. (http//www.uk.pg.com/ fraternity/aboutPG/purposeValuesPrinciples.html)CORPORATE STRATEGYProcter Gamble (PG), one of the worlds largest consum er goods companies is also a pioneer in the design of mass media. The company has used immature-fangledspaper pressments, radio and soap operas to advertise its popular brands like Crest, Pampers, Pantene and Folgers. During 1990-2000, however,its rate of beginth took a plunge. When AG Lafley took over as CEO in 2000, he gave PG a complete makeover with the focus on innovation and advertising. Since 2000, PG has been increasingly embracing targeted, viral and on- trend marketing. (http//www.uk.pg.com/company/aboutPG/purposeValuesPrinciples.html)PROPOSED PRODUCTolayLogo87_Jul06.jpg EvolutionOlay is a worldwide leader in undress care and father been trusted by women for fifty years. Graham Wulff, an innovative and entrepreneurial South African chemist developed the original formula at the beginning of the 1950s. Olay has octette global harvest-tide lines offering a multiple of product. Product such as Olay professional pro-X, Olay Definity, Olay Regenerist, Olay Total effect , Olay complete, Olay hydrate cleanse, Olay clarity, Olay body lotion, Olay touch of sun and Olay body cleansing (http//www.docstoc.com/docs/14719894/Oil-Of-Olay-Products).pelt care is evolving faster than ever with independent clinical trial and recent standards in natural and organic cosmetics. Olay evolution will be a combination of Olay total effects (7 seven sourceful anti-ageing in one) and Olay Definity (fight wrinkles, brown spot and discolouration). Many consumers want products that offer to a greater extent than one benefit. So this product is expected to moisturize, fight free radicals and give the skin a more youthful appearance. This product would offer the costumer an ideal combination of the world closely springful skin care solution.Anti-aging is the fastest-growing skin segment, standing at $567.6 million, now representing the biggest category in skin care, surpassing facial cleansers which stand at $559.2 million. (http//www.allbusiness.com/population-demogra phics/demographic-groups/5517853-1.html)product-landing-definity_v6.jpg product-landing-total-effects.jpgWomen are very particular when dealing with their face. They need to be convinced the product will deliver all the promised benefits. Women are willing to try new things and spend more money to look better and younger. Skin care attracts clients from all income level as most women like to take care of their appearance. The change magnitude number of women working equates women with more money to spend and skin care is one of the favourite avenues for their spending.Based on Procter Gamble F4Q10 (Qtr End 06/30/2010) fee Call Transcript, Female Skin Care grew volume double digits with positive share trends. In the U.S., Olay all-outlet value share of the Facial Moisturizer segment was up virtually two points behind the proceed strength of the Olay Pro-X line and the Olay Regenerist Roller ball Eye Treatment innovation. Olay also had strong results in developing markets, more t han two-base hit shipments in India, Saudi Arabia and the Philippines. Organic sales increased 5%, driven by 8% organic volume growth. (http//seekingalpha.com/article/218380-procter-gamble-f4q10-qtr-end-06-30-2010-earnings-call-transcript)Rate of Global skin care market 2002 and 2007Country2002 (M)2009 (M)US6,752.28,059.2FRANCE2,391.14,368.0GERMANY1,975.13,239.3ITALY1,440.02,340.4SPAIN956.41,897.9UK1,612.72,937.6Source Euro monitor internationalBelow are the analyses of the business environment to back up the proposal.ANALYSIS OF short letter ENVIRONMENTEvery Business operates within an environment, these environments directly and indirectly affects the way those businesses function. Competition in the skin care industry tends to be more unabated and thither are many changes that can be regarded as threat and opportunity that it is important for managers to cope with.MACROPoliticalThe political environment Relates to the pressures and opportunities brought by changes of the gover nment and their views toward the skin care industry. Each government always have a mandate to regulate the use on non organic ingredients in most skin care product.EconomicThis Refers to economic factors and structures and such variables like the stock exchange, interest and inflation rates, the nations economic policies and performance, exchange rates, etc. Although PG is based in the US, it earns revenues, break expenses, own assets and incur liabilities in countries using currencies other than the US dollar. As a result, increases or decreases in the value of the US dollar against other major(ip)(ip) currencies will affect the companys net operating revenues, operating income and the value of balance sheet items denominated in foreign currencies.SocialMiddle-aged women are very elicit in skin care items that help them retain a more youthful appearance and complexion. Observing social factors helps institutions maintain their reputation among stakeholders.TechnologicalChanges i n technology can affect a company competitive position. Industries merge new strategic groups emerge currents products improve and the cost of production gets decrease by process innovation. Because the skin care industry is very competitive, the company necessitate taking advantage of the latest technology and revolutionary substances to create new product in golf-club to maintain customers interest and loyalty.EnvironmentalWith global warming and carbon foot prints being big concerns, governments and scientists are encouraging companies and individuals to be more environmentally aware. PGs policy is to Ensure its products, packaging and operations are safe for their employees, consumers and the environment. Reduce or prevent the environmental impact of products and packaging in their design, manufacture, distribution, use and disposal whenever possible. They support the sustainable use of resources and actively encourage reuse, recycling and composting.MICROBuyer PowerConsumer p roducts companies face weak purchaser power because customers are disjointed and have little influence on price or product. But considering the buyers of consumer products to be retailers rather than individuals, then these firms face very strong buyer power. champion good example is the business relationship between wall-mart and PG (see swot analysis).Supplier Power the company could face some amount of supplier power simply because of the costs incurred when switching suppliers. Notwithstanding, suppliers that do large amount of business with the company also are somewhat obliged to their customers nonetheless, bargaining power for some(prenominal) the firms and their suppliers is probably limited.Threat of New EntrantsGiven the amount of capital raimentment needed to enter the skin care industry, the assumption is that threat of new entrants will be fairly low.Threat of SubstitutesWithin the skin care industry, brands thrive in helping to build a competitive advantage, but e ven the set power of brands can be scoured with substitutes. Threats to this product may arise from other anti-aging products such as Avotone, Revitol, Ceramide C etc.Degree of Rivalry Skin care industry is a very competitive market, taking advantage of the latest technology and revolutionary substances to create new product in order to maintain customers interest and loyalty will be very important. In doing so it will increase the companys competitive advantage over other round top brands like Avon and Nivea Visage.INTERNALThe internal environment constitutes variables and forces within the control of the organisation. These variables are conditions, entities,events, andfactorswithin an organization whichinfluenceitsactivitiesandchoices, its philosophy, particularly thebehaviour of theemployees. Other variables include theorganisation mission statement,leadership style, and itsculture.SWOT Analysis this is a planning method use to evaluate the strength, weaknesses, opportunities and treat to a business. It involves specifying objectives of a business at the said(prenominal) time identifying the internal and external elements that will affect the business both positive and negative in the race to attain its stated objectives.StrengthsWeaknessesLeading market position geared on a strong brand portfolio.Significant RD and market investment.Robust cash productivityIncrease instances of product recall.Excessive aquiline on Wal-mart.High product prices translated into sales volume decline and market share loss.OpportunitiesThreatsFuture growth plans- Increase slow-wittedness on its vegetable marrow attractive businesses and enhancing its customer base.Increase investment in manufacturing capacity in developing countries.Acquisitions to expand portfolioCounterfeit goods. changing global retail scenario and rise of private labels.good cost and currency exchange rate.Rising cost of energy pricesEconomic slowdown in US and Euro zone.(www.datamonitor.com)STRENGTH SLeading market position garnered on a strong brand portfolioWith revenues of $79,029 million, PG is the worlds largest consumer products manufacturer, with its products reaching 4 billion people worldwide. PG is the 20th largest company in sales and the 9th largest company in profit among the Fortune calciferol companies. The companys market capitalization in 2009 was roughly $150 billion, making it one of the 10 most valuable companies in the US. PG holds leading global market shares in a variety of categories, including baby care (33%), blades and razors (70%), feminine protection (37%), and fabric care (33%). The companys leadership position is built on its strong brand portfolio. strengthened brand portfolio enables the company to achieve economies of scale in distribution and retain a strong bargaining position with retailers. Leading market position provides PG with substantial competitive advantage as well as stabilizes the companys financial growthSignificant RD and marke t investment.Being a consumer products company, PG relies heavily on innovation and continued marketing investments in order to establish a significant competitive advantage. As a result, the company has made significant investments in RD and marketing. Over the live decade, PG has invested more than $2 billion in consumer and market research (nearly twice that of its closest competitor, Unilever and equal to the combined total of its other major competitors Avon, Clorox Company, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Energizer Holdings, Henkel, Kimberly-Clark, LOreal, and Reckitt Benckiser). Virtually, all the organic sales growth delivered by PG in the past nine years has come from new brands and new or improved product innovation. PG also involves external innovation partners to boost its internal innovative capability, an approach it calls Connect and Develop. Currently, more than half of all product innovation coming from PG includes at least one major component from an external partner. PGs strong RD capabilities and a marketing-driven understanding of consumer needs are backed by significant marketing investments. The company invests more than $7 billion in advertising annually, consistently making PG one of the worlds largest advertisers. Strong focus on research and development allows PG to renew its product line at regular intervals, which boosts customer loyalty and revenue growth. Significant marketing investments to support its brands and a broad product portfolio help PG to remain at school principal in a competitive market.Robust cash productivityPGs cash productivity the percentage of earnings converted into cash has averaged over 100% since 2001, consistently among the very best in the industry. This is primarily due to PGs strong focus on productivity, working-capital management and cost reduction. Furthermore, PG is equally rigorous about managing costs. The company has reduced overhead costs as a percentage of sales by more than 300 basis points sinc e 2001. The cash productivity allows PG to maintain the companys excellent reliance rating, to pay strong dividends, and to have the flexibility to invest in the business organically or through mergers and acquisitions. Therefore, robust cash productivity ensures that PG has the flexibility and the resources to invest in growth even in the most challenging environments.WEAKNESSESPG has been registering increasing instance of product recalls. One case in point is in November 2009, the company voluntarily recalled three lots of its Vicks Sinex nasal spray in the US, Germany and the UK. The recall was a precautionary step after finding the bacteria B. cepacia in a small amount of product made at its plant in Gross Gerau, Germany. In March 2010, PG voluntarily recalled its Pringles Restaurant Cravers Cheeseburger potato crisps and Pringles Family Faves Taco darkness potato crisps in response to a recommendation from the Food Drug Administration (FDA) to the food industry to protect c onsumers from potential Salmonella exposure. Most recently in June 2010, PG voluntarily recalled a small percentage of 1-liter bottles of Scope Original Mint and Scope Peppermint mouthwash with malfunctioning child-resistant caps in the US and Canada. Recurrent product recalls could affect the brand image of the company, which would lead to low customer loyalty and brand equity.Excessive dependent on Wal-MartPG is heavily dependent on Wal-Mart Stores (Wal-Mart) and its affiliates for generating major part of its revenue. Sales to Wal-Mart and its affiliates represented approximately 15% of its total revenue since 2006. High dependence upon a Wal-Mart reduces the bargaining power of the company. Also, Wal-Mart could use its bargaining power to impose unfavourable terms on the company. Any decrease in revenue from Wal-Mart could have a negative impact on the companys businesses. Hence, the loss of this customer will lead to a sharp decline in PGs revenues and also a loss of its market share.OPPRTUNITIESFuture growth plansIn order to grow in a highly competitive environment, PG is pursuing a clearly drafted strategy with focus on two areas increasing concentration on its core attractive businesses and enhancing its customer base. The company is sharply focusing on its core attractive businesses (the beauty and health market segments and several household care categories) as these are fast-growing businesses. For instance, the global market for personal care products has annual sales of over $39.5 billion and is growing at a rate of more or less 5% annually. PG intends to increase its customer base by acquiring under served and unserved consumers. In line with this, the company is targeting developing markets extending its distribution systems and expanding its brand and product portfolio. evolution and emerging economies are expected to account for 90% of the worlds population by 2010, and this is expected to drive demand for fast moving consumer goods.Increase d investment in manufacturing capacity in developing countriesPG is planning the biggest increase in its manufacturing capacity in order to expand into categories and countries where it doesnt have a brand carriage. The company is place 4% of sales in capital spending, including funding for new manufacturing capacity to support future growth. Over the next five years, PG plans to add 20 new manufacturing facilities. Almost all of these facilities are in developing markets, and almost all will be multi-product category facilities. By focusing on developing markets, the company would reduce the cost of serving these markets while also being closer to regions with the greatest long term growth potential.Acquisitions to expand portfolioPG has made significant acquisitions in the recent past. For instance, in June 2009, the company acquired the Zirh skincare brand. Zirh is a leading super premium, male grooming brand available in high-end department stores, specialty outlets and online . afterward in May 2010, PG entered into an agreement to acquire Natura Pet Products, a privately-held pet food business. Most recently, in July 2010, the company concluded its purchase of the Ambi Pur Brand from Sara lee side Corporation. Ambi Pur is a leading global air care brand with presence in 80 countries, and also has several toilet care products, with strong presence in Western Europe and Asia. These kinds of acquisitions will strengthen PGs presence across a range of categories and in turn augment its top line and bottom-line.THREATSChanging global retail scenario and rise of private labelsPGs products are sold in a highly competitive global marketplace which is experiencing an increased trade concentration and the growing presence of large format retailers and discounters. With the growing trend toward retail trade consolidation, it is increasingly dependent on key retailers. Some of these retailers have a greater bargaining strength than PG. They may use this leverage to demand higher trade discounts, allowances or slotting fees, which could lead to reduced sales or profitability. good cost and currency exchange rate instability places tremendous pressure on PGs business. Not to mention the unexpected and dramatic devaluations of currencies in developing or emerging markets reduce profits.Counterfeit goodsTrade of counterfeits and pass-offs products is negatively affecting the growth of FMCG companies like PG. The top two brands within any category be it cosmetics, detergents, or soaps are effected the most by counterfeit. It is estimated that the loss due to counterfeit products convert into around 6 billion ($8.5 billion). Furthermore, with the advent of digital channels there has been a surge in the sale of counterfeit products and online sales of these products increased by 9% in 2009. Besides revenue losses, counterfeits and pass-offs also affect the companys brand as they are unsafe.(Swot analysis Source www.datamonitor.com )The best strate gies accomplish an organisation mission by exploiting an organisation opportunity and strength, while neutralizing its treat and avoiding its weakness.Ansoff hyaloplasmAnsoff matrix highlight four possible market strategy for the propose product.ansoff_matrix-124013-1.jpeg(http//www.brothersoft.com/ansoff-matrix-124013.html).Product development as this is a new product in the range, much tenseness will be to offer the product to the existing customer base. Using the competitive advantages and brand image of previous products to lunch the propose product. With the companys focus on advertising, (worlds largest advertisers) it can use the advertising power to push the product to recognition. Sixty percent (60%) of the strategy will be on product development.Diversification One of the opportunities available to the company is launching into new markets and developing economies. Forty percent (40%) of the strategy will be to launch the propose product in an only new market.Market Pen etration this occurs when the company sells its existing product in its existing market, perhaps through greater promotional efforts. As this is a new product this strategy might be considered in the future.Market Development this occurs when the company tries to sell it existing products in new and emerging markets. This strategy as well might be for future considerations.

Japanese religion and influence on culture

Nipponese worship and influence on culture Nipponese Religion and the Influence on Culture Throughout the land, religion is perceived as a governing sentiment indoors numerous distinguishable cultures. Religion has a way of representing a certain way of life, providing a terra firma for faith to live by, and brings a sense of belonging to many cultures in our world. For different cultures and within many countries religion varies according to demographics. The key concepts of religion within the Japanese culture ar natural and irrational based. The leading religion in Japan re principal(prenominal)s Shintoistic, while other religions have come and go, interweaving themselves among the Japanese gild.For any Japanese person who may practice Shinto, another religion that may du all toldy be practiced is Buddhism. Are these religions common to one another in theory? Do they overhaul the same purposes? And what other religions claim a popular following in Japan? While Buddhis m was brought over to Japan via chinaw ar and Korea in the 6th century, Shinto seems to have always resided in Japan (Japan-Guide.com, 2007). The religion of Shinto is still today very mysterious because in slightly areas at that place is still no certain knowledge in the course of the centuries many Japanese have written extensively on Shinto tho these are largely expressions of their individual points of view. Except for the relatively short three-quarters of a century of regimentation after the Meiji Restoration when there was an artificial, government-created authoritative interpretation of Shinto, there has not been any large body of interpretation that is generally accepted (Ono, Sokyo ix). Buddhism was founded by the teachings of Guatama Siddhartha who was born around 6th century B.C. in Nepal. The spread of Buddhism took many centuries, and didnt mountain range Japan until 6th century A.C. (Buddhanet). Although there are many sects of Buddhism, the main teachings are un iversal in The Four august Truths. These teachings from Siddhartha himself lay the foundation of Buddhism itself. The branch Nobel truth Life means suffering.To live means to suffer, because the human nature is not perfect and neither is the world we live in. During our lifetime, we inevitably have to plump physical suffering such as pain, sickness, injury, tiredness, old age, and compensatetually death. (The spectacular View).The second Noble Truththe gillyflower of suffering is attachment to worldly desires.The origin of suffering is attachment to transient things and the ignorance thereof The reasons for suffering are desire, passion, ardour, pursue of wealth, prestige, striving for fame and popularity (The Big View).The third Nobel Truth is the cessation of suffering is attainable.Extinguishing all forms of clinging and attachment Suffering can be overcome through human activity simply by removing the cause of suffering (The Big View).The Fourth Noble Truth is to follow th e Eightfold Path.A gradual self-improvement by following the way between the two extremes of excessive self-indulgence and excessive self-mortification(The Big View).Although the Four Nobel Truths are great concepts of Buddhism there are many other aspects that make up Buddhism. Daily practice of meditation helps develop ones sense of awareness, to grow, and develops compassion and loving kindness (Buddhanet). Following the laws of Karma and following right speech are likewise integral to Buddhism.In the religion of Shinto, which was founded as Japans state religion in the Meiji Period, there is no absolute right or wrong and humans are seen as fundamentally good (buddhanet). The purpose of rituals in the Shinto religion are to cast away evil spirits by means of purification, prayers and offerings.The Way of the Gods or Kami is the literal translation of Shinto. Unlike Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam, Shinto has neither a founder, such as Guatama the Enlightened One, Jesus the Me ssiah or Mohammed the Prophet nor does it have sacred scriptures, such as the sutras of Buddhism, the Bible or the Koran (Ono Sokyo 3). Shinto appears very little in history, as there is no significant teachings or information surrounding the ideas. Shinto is more than just a spectral faith it is a collection of ideas, attitudes on ways of doing things and through history has become an integral part of the way of the Japanese people (Ono, Sokyo, 3).The kami-concept today includes the idea of justice, order, and divine favor (blessing), and implies the basic principle that the kami function harmoniously in cooperation with one another and rejoice in the evidence of harmony and cooperation in this world (Ono Sokyo, 7). This concept is basically the same as it was in ancient Japan, only few things have changed in regards to theory on Shinto.The kami of the Shinto religion serve different purposes for the Japanese. Their culture revolves around kami who protect different things such as places, processes and natural orders. The Shinto gods can take many different forms, such as mountains, trees, rocks, wind, and rain. When a human dies they become ancestral kami and are worshipped as such (Japan-Guide). This idea of kami is very different in contrast to Buddhism , where they do not believe in kami, only in a force that which is made up of all living things and holds the universe in concert (leaderu).This difference between Buddhism and Shinto may be the key to why they are so easily practiced together. There is no fundamental conflict between each religions kami, and there is no need to favor one over the other. The practice of Buddhism is earthly compassion while the practice of Shinto is otherworldly compassion.There are different types of Shinto, just as in Buddhism, that the Japanese follow. There is popular Shinto practice in everyday life of kami-worship, and Domestic Shinto referring to home practice, and shut in Shinto is the oldest and most prevalent ty pe (Ono, Sokyo, 12). Shinto does no appear to have branches or sects of difference among its worshippers, and the ideas across Japan are fundamentally the same.In Buddhism each branch may have many different sects of practice. Theravada Buddhism, which teaches the psychological understanding of human nature and emphasis a meditative approach on transformation of consciousness (Buddhanet). The Mahayana, another sect of Buddhism, teaches a variety of practices such as yoga. This sect of Buddhism branches out into many different lineages such as nice Land, Avatamska and Tien Tai.Elements of Worpship for Shinto are performed at srhines, and involve four different elements. It is a distinctive feature of Shinto that kami-worship is expressed not only from the depth of ones enkindle but in a concrete act of religious ritual (Ono, Sokyo, 51). The four elements of Shinto worship include purification, offerings, prayer and a symbolic feast. culture is very essential to Shinto and the idea of pollution is vitally important. Removing pollution from oneself helps rid evil and unrighteousness, which could thwart ones communication with kami. Rinsing the mouth and fingers with clear piss will purify a worshiper. Offerings are necessary to keep the kami happy daily. In shrines of great importance offerings may be very elaborate, while bare(a) ones may be of salt, rice or water (Ono Sokyo, 53).Prayers are typically read or recited at shrines in classical Japanese. These prayers are opened with rowing of praise for kami, making reference to the kami in which they are praying to. These prayers are polish offed with final words of respect and awe to the kami (Ono, sokyo, 54). The sacred feast is held at the end of any Shinto ceremony in which you eat together with the kami.While Shinto and Buddhism seem blatantly different in their day-to-day functions, operating together they appear to make perfect sense. Japans idea of dually practiced religion is called syncretism. Whil e Shinto is the main religion practiced for any wedding ceremony, Buddhist rituals are practiced at funerals because death in Shitno religion is considered pollution. These two dominant religions in Japan are clearly the oldest forms of religion, however there are forward-looking religions that are also claiming a popular following.These new religions practically cited as Folk Religion have never faced the kind of dilemma of secularization which has been experienced by Buddhism or Christianity. Folk Religion always preserves the strong enduring power which perseveres in he lower structure of society and religious institutions ( Hori, Ichiro, 18) Folk religion therefore has a strong social significance.The idea and concept of religion rose out of the cyclical concept of agriculture, in which everything has a natural order of germination, growth and maturity (Hori, Ichiro, 20). Farm and agricultural work is regarded as sacred in itself to the Japanese people and rituals are often ob served before seeding and after harvesting. These among other rituals done for protection and security make federation of tribes religion a part of Japanese culture.There are two distinct types of folk religion in Japan. The first is considered as the guardian shrine systems, known as the uji-gami. This was based on a token family or clan system in which each family has its own shrine as a central symbol of harmony, devoted to ancestral spirit who was enshrined and worshiped. The main function of uji-gami is to assimilate all the family members into a patriarchal hierarchy in which the familys respectable name is preserved for generations to come.The second type of system in folk religion is known as the man-god system, also called hito-gami. This system is based on a close relationship of an individual god with a shaman. Older Japanese cultures or villages were once ruled by an individual shaman or medicine man (Hori, Ichiro, 31) This type of system gave the leader the power to t ransmit ideas to their kami and so making the leader a utility of divine power. Beliefs and superstitions are present at the core of each folk religion.There are five types of superstitious groups beliefs and magic concerning omens, beliefs in divination, fragmentary customs concerning taboo, black magic, and prayers with magical elements. Although these topics may be viewed as superstitious, it is not from an objective point of view as many religions around the world practice what one might call superstitions. These rituals or acts of superstition do enter the daily life of the Japanese and may even regulate the conduct of a great number of persons (Hori, Ichiro, 46).Although the religions of Shinto, Buddhism and new religions seem different in many aspects, there are common themes and theories among them. This being said, it is also observed that many different religions around the world share a number of commonalities. Shinto and Buddhism define a lot of cultural morals and valu e that the Japanese use in conduct everyday. New Religions also are seen to permeate into the daily lives of Japanese. These religions practiced together make Japan the diverse but unified country that it is today.BibliographyBuddhism. 2007. japan-Guide.com. 09 Apr. 2007 .Buddhanet. Buddhanet. 2007. 09 Apr. 2007 .Hori, Ichiro. Folk Religion in Japan. Chicago University of Chicago P, 1968.Ono, Sokyo. Shinto the Kami Way. Ruthland, Vermont Charles E. Tuttle Co., Inc, 1969.The Four Noble Truths. The Big View. 13 Dec. 2006. 09 Mar. 2007 www.thebigview.com

Marketing :: essays research papers

The Brand/Product1.Attributes The attributes are the products primary characteristics, both tangible and available. They are what the consumer might recognize first about the product through the five senses. The physical attributes are what make the product what it is. They are aromatise, texture, package, contents, variety and price. The functional attributes are shown by how the products work. They include cheer protection, moisture for the skin and an attractive promotion.2. Benefits     Benefits are what the actual product attributes can do for the consumer. It is important to make these benefits assorted from the competitions. Each physical attribute possesses certain benefits that satisfy the consumers wants. The scent of our product is what makes our lotion so different. None of our competition brands have a scented sun tan lotion on the market that is targeted at our segment the only separate is Coppertone Kids varieties (5). Our lotion comes in a v ery appealing scent that makes the consumer see comfortable and excited about putting sun tan lotion on their bodies. There is no overbearing or strong oily scent like some lotions, and there is no fake odor like the "coconut" tanning oils that are on the market today (1). All of this was taken into consideration when we came out with our light, refreshing and mild- scented fragrance called "Summer Rain." All of our varieties of lotion will be in this scent beca implement it is one that can be appealing to all different types of people, not just our target market.The texture is non-oily and does not feel too heavy on the skin. This is important beca social occasion when people use our product, they will be pleased that they do not have to worry about clogs pores that may lead to acne. It also leaves the skin feeling healthier because of the inwrought moisturizers. Our lotion comes in three different varieties for different skin types. We have lotion for normal ski n, dry skin, and oily skin. Each lotion has certain amounts of Vitamin E, aloe and vera and other moisturizers so that the skin will "always return to its natural balance" as it is used (4).The contents of our product are always organic and pure. We use only the finest and botanical ingredients, all carefully tested for purity and effectiveness. (4) This makes the product safer to use for the consumer and for the earth. It is clean and refreshing, not oily and irritating.

Soap Opera Genre Essay -- TV Television Media Essays

Soap Opera GenreBefore I saw Neighbours, I didnt know there was an Australia (Jerry Hall, The Clive pile Show, UK, 31 December, 1989) The soap opera writing style originated in American radio serials of the 1930s, and owes the name to the sponsorship of some of these programs by major soap powder companies. Proctor and bump and other soap companies were the most common sponsors, and soon the genre of soap opera had been labeled. Like many television genres (e.g. news and quiz shows), the soap opera is a genre originally drawn from radio rather than film. Television soap operas are long-running serials traditionally based on the close study of personal relationships within the unremarkable life of its characters. Soaps are a consistent set of values based on personal relationships, on womens responsibility for the maintenance of these relationships and the applicability of the family prototype to structures. In soap operas at least one story line is carried over from one episode to the next. Successful soaps may continue for many long sentence so new viewers have to be able to join in at any stage in the serial. In serials, the passage of time also appears to reflect real time for the viewers in long-running soaps the characters age as the viewers do. Christine Geraghty (1991, p. 11) notes that the longer they run the more impossible it seems to imagine them ending. There are sometimes allusions to major topical events in the world outside the programs. Soap operas have attempted to articulate social change through issues of race, class and sexuality. In relations with what are often perceived to be awkward issues soap operas make good stories along the emotional lines of the characters. Christine Geraghty (1991, p. 147) While it seeks... ...stitute Curran, James & Michael Gurevitch (eds.) (1991) Mass Media and Society. London Edward Arnold Dyer, Richard (ed.) (1981) investment Street. London British Film Institute Turner, V (1974) Social Dramas and rit ual metaphors In V.Turner, Dramas, fields and metaphors symbolic action in human society Cornell University electronic jamming Ithaca Hobson, Dorothy (1982) Crossroads - The Drama of a Soap. London Methuen Modleski, Tania (1982) Loving with a Vengeance Mass-Produced Fantasies for Women. Hamden, CT Archon Morley, David (1992) Television Audiences and Cultural Studies. London RoutledgeCoward, Rosalind (1987) Womens Programmes Why not? In Boxed in Women and Television Edited by Baehr, Helen, and Dyer, Gillian Pandora Press Tulloch, John and Moron, Allen Women Like Gossip The family audience in A Country get along Quality Soap